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| Use of small-n Designs
early topics of research in psychology
-psyhophysics & mental chronography (Wundt, Fechner, Weber)
-memory studies (Ebbinghaus)
-conditioning (Pavlov, Thorndike)
Modern studies take two forms
-repeated measures designs on a few subjects (sensory processes)
-baseline designs (experimental analysis of behavior)
Control of the experimental setting
Numerous and continuous measures of dependent variable
Establishment of a baseline
-a steady state at which the response rate changes very little
AB Design
O X O
a tx b
pretest establishes baseline; then post-test looks for changes due to treatment
a = before treatment; b = changes after treatment
what are the problems here?-- treatment may not be determining factor
Example of Baseline Procedure
treatment of one cerebral paulsied male
goal:
-increase amount of eye contact
Invervention:
-aversive conditioning
-administer mild electric shock
Steps:
1. Establish Baseline (A).
2. Experimental manipulation and then measurement of new rate of eye contact (B)
ABA Design
O X-O (~X) O
a tx, b a
reversal design- try to reverse the conditions to restore person to baseline after treatment
-if person is restored to baseline, then treatment caused change
problems?
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| I've decided it is time to stop pretending to know nothing about the field I plan to base my career on.
I don't remember exactly the experience of realizing Art Therapy would be a good potential fit for me, but it came some time Spring semester Freshman year. I talked a little bit with a professor about it and he gave me an article on it right before class let out for Summer break.
Then, over the summer I think, I watched Blood Diamond with a social work friend of mine, and thought it might be a good goal to work up to international work with Child Soldiers.
I sat in on a presentation given to an art appreciation class spring semester my sophomore year, and I was sure this was something I could do.
But what is it really? First off, "it" is not a singular thing. Settings vary as much as client needs, ranging from psych wards and clinics to community centers to schools to art studios. Clients in these settings range the whole lifespan in some cases, the only exception being schools. These clients may have severe disabilities, traumatic baggage, ambient life stress, or problems revolving around their life stage. As a visual form of self-exploration and expression, it has greatest effect with those who struggle to adequately disclose and work through their struggles verbally. The therapist and client come to understand the problem, each other, and the solution in terms of the visual work and especially the process of making it.
The first art therapy programs were officially launched in the 1930's, headed up by the work of [ ] | | |
| Have you ever thought it strange that children would hang around with parents?
I once thought to myself upon arriving home to my family, who are these old people I live with?
I think during my college experience I've spoken to so few adults in direct conversation and become so day in day out close with my peers that the whole model of having parents at all has become foreign to me. I don't like it either, because I know the same will happen with my kids if they start thinking the way I am now. God, I hope they know to be nothing like me.
I can't even believe the things I've thought of. These ideations have affected my ability to relate, and learn experientially about relating, where the rest of me might have thrived in accomplishing these. But I did not take to heart what was said about the heart, and did not press myself to be strategic about my life. Never mind having the whole cosmos mapped out in a deterministic scheme-- I must nonetheless have a strategy for life in Christ. Let it be the Socratic and Rabbinical dialogue with experience.
When I was young I should have done this or that. And now I will implement this or that.
I should not have roved about compulsively searching for nothing. It was undoubtedly a mix of general indirection and passivity with the training of the television. "Sit here, watch this", turned to "here i am walking, make an interesting adventure of it" and from there I was training my life to be visual. I should have stopped and asked whether it was right to be doing this when I looked out the window. I think when it came to me being a good kid it was always a matter of being able to edit my behavior from a distance. When it came to editing my behavior in the fray I was not very self-aware. Hence, the split in my person over the function of the human other. Some portion of them were to be observed and charmed, the rest to be avoided. A sense of ministry was not engrained into my behavioral patterns until this major groove was carved. People were not a miracle. I should have known they are. They are a precious thing bought with suffering, but I don't think I ever forced the connection between my suffering and the beaten dying Lord. i should have done this. Then people would seem marked with a price tag labelled "the Death of God". And if God would die for them, and this God died as well for me, then whatever cost it was to think treat them with care was far less than my own death, and even this would be less than the death of God. I should have known this. I should have known that everyone I met came into being at the cost of Jesus Christ's life, and was being helped into a new making, a new being, by every sacrificial act that came through the rest of us in that Spirit of Christ. I should have known this.
Now I do know, but knowing it is a matter of painting in my daily music. Showing it in my daily being. The economic metaphor is not just clever, it is the essence of motivation, since it frames the concept of work-to-be-done. It costs so much to be graceful to this person, so many units to commit away from the self and to another to be a working fountain of grace. This is why the atonement has been characterized as a ransom. The expenses for grace to us was paid by Christ to God in the satisfaction strain, and for the deliverance from sin itself it was paid there, and for us to afford grace to others it was paid there, and for us to let go of ourselves, de-clench from that handle of guilt and be with the Gracious Lord who made us to be together with him-- the expenses of that work was paid there as well. The energy was amassed. The work was finished. Time was anchored there infinitely, and all moments access that work for their motion. What other theory is motivating in goodness? | | |
| Today was one of the Best days I can remember.
Most of that, I think, is the writing segment I had this morning (though I made myself skip a class in being so caught up in it) and the artsy/podcast time I had to just do and listen and think. R.C. Sproul is so much more informative when it comes to the history of philosophy, and it is really formational. The sketches seem so short, but so packed and so sequential. I like Wellman, but he just spews. He's very right brain I think, try though he may to systematize.
Oh! Even better-- a lunch date with my friend Hallie. I'm so glad we're there for each other. God help us find a more perfect harmony in him between us. Phileo that girl. fo sho. And don't forget agape. The other two-- they seem impossible, but nature will wreak havoc on me if this is so, so it must not be. The pursuit is the problem, and it is in longing. Peace about it brother. Shalom. Be broken for it not from it. We are artists and philosophers. Not musicians. She is a leader, I a follower. This must change. But again, pursuit is the problem-- it is following. Follow Christ and you will bring in men, you will guide them as with nets. Pursue the Lord Christ, not Leadership-- pursue the person Hallie and not any love of her. This is the work of the Spirit in you.
Then there was the band. THat was a strange happening. From the upsurge of philosophical discovery I realized I am just a categorizer. I felt very alone. And I basically made the guys the Trinity. When they walked up I received for myself some of the worship I was geared to give them. We worship those we think share our worth. And I could feel a friendship with them that I wished for. "Membership," as was the title of Lewis' sermon, was that friendship.
This is something my Dad does not have have and so it is not surprising that I do not know my own thirst for it until a dead Englishman diagnoses me in a catalogue of life's loves and dangers. Will dad and I discover it together? He has such a center in hunting. He read when everyone else read. He drank when everyone else drank. But buying land of his own and hunting it, this is his lonely haven. Not even his seed will grow there with him. I have spurred the land and loved it for myself. For my gain, in wealth and in pleasure. It is the Lord's gift to us, to Dad. Its his handiwork in the Lord. The business was not a family business. The Ice Cream shop was a passing phase. This is to him what going back to school was and is for mom. Gosh she's valiant. I love those two. There's no beauty in their separation though, wretched evil that steals their souls from each other. They couldn't have been friends. What could bind them but the Lord as a principle? Nothing they share IN him. Us I suppose. But not the house or the land or any love either of them has that I know. Not art or music, not literature or even movies. No easy solutions. I need to re-read Eros. And the other loves.
I am learning the ideas of love I've not yet found. But its nothing I can chase. Its chasing that comes up as a reflection that we can't find in the now. Time is a phenoumena, not a noumenous thing. What a throw off, that in gaining the whole world we exchange our souls and are lost in a world we own but can't be in. That in keeping our lives we lose them, but can gain them by giving them for Christ's sake and for the Gospel we are found.
I am learning the ideas of love I've not yet found.
Random blurb. For my nominalism, there is nothing but form anywhere, and knowledge is correspondence of the neurological dance with the dance of the external world. It is a doubling over of form. Could all of form be some day doubled over? This would be natural eternity. Aristotelian demiurge (if thats what he called it) was pure being, form, and actuality. This is eternity to him. Could potentiality be eradicated? This would be absorption of the potential into the eternal. Potentiality becomes nothing again (not that Aristotle believed the demiurge created out of nothing.) Would this be the fulfillment of potentiality? Like a buddhist Nirvana. But the Christian version takes it down the middle to include the sphere of entrance back into the all-being-- the center of Hinduism.
I do rather like Aristotle's epistemology. I think I shall forge a Neo-Aristotelian Epistemology once I have learned him.
Now I do wonder whether Integration is possible. This was Augustine, and he is very prone to the Neo-Platonic. Acquinas was very Aristotelian, but was a Christian colonialist of it. Neo-platonism was a new gnosticism against Christianity, but a more intellectual than mystical one. More soul than spirit. Which, I wonder is less geometrical to me? Perhaps this is a deceitful question, the wrong dichotomy.
Perhaps Christ had no friendship for sophia? What is the Jewish word for wisdom? What is the difference in metaphorical concepts here?
The New Testament no doubt, in Greek, gives us a perspective on mind as an addition to Jewish heart and spirit. Soul is new in the new testament, and it is essential to Jesus' teaching.
UGGGH! My heart is set on the accomplishments of Historical significance. Historical genius. Perhaps I should be content instead with normal genius. Dan Straight will not be remembered for centuries in academic circles, but he will be remembered by so many. Yet even this is too much for my hands to work. How could I manipulate it? But this is what my heart gazes at. Is it sin? Where is the idolatry?
But my whole study is Idolatry. Iconography. Iconology.
I've never sat under someone famous. And the presence of Christ I'm afraid eludes me. Historically, anyways, though not ontologically in the passages-- the corridors-- the geometry of scripture. Meet me, Incarnation. Speak to me, Name who spoke me.
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| What Is Art Therapy?
Art therapy is a human service profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem. Art therapy practice is grounded in the knowledge of human development, psychological theories, and counseling techniques.
Art therapy is an effective treatment for persons experiencing developmental, medical, educational, and social or psychological impairment. A goal in art therapy is to improve or restore the client’s functioning and his/her sense of personal well being.
Art therapy is practiced in mental health, rehabilitation, medical, educational, and forensic settings with diverse client populations in individual, couples, family, and group therapy formats.
A master’s degree is required for entry level practice in art therapy. Minimum educational and professional standards for the profession are established by the American Art Therapy Association, Inc. (AATA) a membership and advocacy organization.
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